Climate change has profound effects on farming practices, influencing from crop selection and planting period to water management and pest control. The key points include the (a) shifts in growing seasons due to temperature changes (i.e. longer growing periods or cultivation of crops in regions that were previously unsuitable), (b) water scarcity and drought conditions, (c) prevalence and distribution of pests, (d) alteration in the soil health and fertility making important to alter soil conservation practices, in order to maintain soil structure and nutrient levels.

The above changes have a direct impact on food safety, since:

– Changes in temperature and humidity can create conditions conducive to the spread of new pests, diseases, or pathogens. This introduces the possibility of novel foodborne illnesses, necessitating continuous observation and research into emerging risks. Moreover, possible changes in crop selection may impact food allergies. Usage of new crop types or changes in the prevalence of certain allergenic plants may affect individuals with allergies. Proper labeling and awareness are crucial for consumer safety.

– Water scarcity and changes in water availability can impact the quality of irrigation water. Poor water quality may introduce contaminants to crops, leading to food safety issues. Proper water management and regular testing become essential to mitigate these risks. Additionally, heavy rainfall and generally extreme weather events can increase the risk of contamination of crops by pathogens, pollutants, or chemicals. For example, floods, could introduce contaminants into fields, posing a threat to the safety of harvested crops.

– The shifts in pest and disease dynamics may influence the types and amounts of pesticides used in agriculture and thus it is crucial to monitor and manage pesticide use in order to prevent residues that could compromise food safety.

– Altered soil health and fertility may impact the presence of contaminants in the soil. Soil contamination can affect the safety of crops, especially root vegetables, as they may absorb contaminants from the soil.